The casper and home are not 'edit-able'
You are correct about modifying the syslinux.cfg file.
The one you have is the partial French version....but the process is the same.
Code:
label es
menu label Navigatrix (espanol)
kernel /casper/vmlinuz
append boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.gz persistent root_size=100 home_size=500 max_loop=32 ip=frommedia quiet splash locale=es_PA language=es
by changing "root_size" and "home_size you change the size of those files and effectively the 'partition' that they are mimicking.
Now, 'off the shelve' Navigatrix is for 4GB media. There has been some fudging with the ability to go beyond that without too much drama.
As you will notice there are a few directories that pre-exist. (Charts; Gribs; Library; Pictures; Downloads; Videoa; blah, blah, blah....)
These are sort-of tacked on and referenced to home and root via sybolic links and therefore do not count in the size of root (casper), or home files.....and should, at least in theory allow expansion for data storage on the stick.
However, if you install an additional package on the stick; data from that package will be placed in either casper (root) or home media. This is where the size limitation occurs and this is where most of the confusion occurs because the stick will show, e.g., 1.2GB free, but casper(root) at 100MB, or home at 500MB is chalk full....but it doesn't show. This is generally where you run out of space even when there is space available. It's just not allocated in the right areas.
To correct this you must change the root_size or home_size to suit your needs.
Navigatrix on the stick, or most linux distributions on a stick are really a "LiveCD", which is what they are called, and not a small cheap hard drive. Thinking of it as a hard drive creates more confusion because it has a different file structure. Unfortunately my explanations sometimes create as much confusion.