Either apt-get or the Package Manager (synaptic) will keep track of the packages installed.
Synaptic is just a graphical front end for the apt suite.
Your problem with the repositories looks like a bad repository. The IP (91.189.91.15) is listed both for Douglas, Scotland and Boston, Massachusetts.
If you open up the Package Manager go to
Settings> RepositoriesDownload from
OtherA window pops up and select (
2)
Select Best Server. This runs a ping test to 200+ servers around the world. After a few minutes it returns with the fastest. Pick it (3)...or another one, and then reload.
That should fix your difficulties.
The python server will run until you terminate it with <ctrl><c>, or close the terminal.The running process is actual the python interpreter. When running the python interpreter interactively, (which you're not in this case) you would use <crtl><d>
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